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is offering high-risk contacts the smallpox vaccine and recommending anyone who might be infected to isolate until they recover. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control recommended all suspected cases be isolated and that high-risk contacts be offered a smallpox vaccine. Smallpox vaccines are effective against monkeypox and anti-viral drugs are also being developed. Most people recover within about two to four weeks without needing to be hospitalized, monkeypox can be fatal for up to 6% of cases and is thought to be more severe in children. People with more serious illness may develop a rash and lesions on the face and hands that can spread to other parts of the body. Most monkeypox patients experience only fever, body aches, chills and fatigue. WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS AND HOW IS IT TREATED? Some groups may have a greater chance of exposure right now, but by no means is the current risk of exposure to monkeypox” exclusive to men who have sex with men, said the CDC’s Dr. “Infectious diseases don’t care about borders or social networks. Other experts warn the disease could spread more widely if measures aren’t taken to stop the outbreak. “It’s just that they are a community and by having sex with each other, that is how it’s spreading,” he said. Jake Dunning, an infectious diseases researcher at the University of Oxford, who is also involved in treating cases in London. “This may just be unlucky that (monkeypox) happened to get into this one particular community first,” said Dr. It’s unclear, but the disease is no more likely to infect gay and bisexual men than anyone else. WHY ARE MOST OF THE CURRENT INFECTIONS OUTSIDE AFRICA IN MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN?
Scientists say it will be difficult to determine whether the spread is being driven by sex or merely close contact. David Heymann, who chairs WHO’s expert advisory group on infectious hazards, said monkeypox can spread when there is close contact with someone already infected with the disease, and that “it looks like sexual contact has now amplified that transmission.”Īuthorities in countries including Britain, Spain, Germany and Portugal say most of the known cases in Europe have been among men who have sex with men, but experts emphasize that anyone can be infected through close contact with a sick person, their clothing or bedsheets. Health officials are still investigating, but a top adviser to the World Health Organization said this week that the leading theory is that monkeypox was likely spread after sexual activity at two recent raves in Europe.ĭr. The first known human infection was in 1970, in a young boy in a remote part of Congo. The illness was first identified by scientists in 1958 when there were two outbreaks of a “pox-like” disease in research monkeys - thus the name monkeypox. Most human cases have been in central and west Africa and outbreaks have been relatively limited. It belongs to the same virus family as smallpox. Monkeypox is a virus that originates in wild animals like rodents and primates, and occasionally jumps to people.